EFFECT OF ZANJABĪL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In view of present scenario of high prevalence and limited treatment options, this study was conducted to assess the effect of Murabba-i- Zanjabīl in NAFLD. Present study was designed as a randomized placebo controlled trial with 30 patients in test group and 10 patients in control group. Participants in test group were administered with Murabba-i- Zanjabīl, 5 gm twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days and those in control group were given 1 capsule of 500 mg each containing wheat flour twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days. All the participants were asked to follow up at every 15 days for assessment of subjective parameters. Objective parameter was assessed before and after the trial period. On statistical analysis the test formulation showed significant reduction in scores (p<0.05) for most of the parameters on both inter and intra group analysis, while the reduction in control group was not found to be statistically significant (p.0.05). This study lays out that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl in a dose of 5gm twice daily given for 45 days is more effective than placebo in treating NAFLD. There was no adverse effect reported during the trial. It was thus concluded that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl is effective and safe in therapeutic management of NAFLD

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial potential of transition metal complexes of triacetic lactone

Seven novel and biological active transition metal complexes were prepared using 3-nitro- 4-hydroxy -6-methyl-pyran-2-one derivative of triacetic lactone as ligand. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, UV/Vis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. These data showed that solid complexes of Ni (II), Co (II), Mn (II), Zn (II) and Fe (II) indicated octahedral geometries while Cu (II) complex was assigned square planar geometry. The antimicrobial activities ofall above mentioned complexes along with ligand were tested against eleven different bacterial strains and ten fungal strains using agar well diffusion assay. Cu (II) complex showed highest inhibition zone against Shigella dysentriae (22.3 mm), greater than standard drug, while the Zn (II) complex showed maximum antifungal activity against Trichophyton simii (18.7 mm). The antimicrobial activities indicated that metal complexes showed enhanced activity as compared to the free ligand

DNA ploidy analyses in 218 consecutive Pakistani breast cancer patients: does it add anything?

An analysis was made to evaluate the significance of DNA ploidy in the biology and prognosis of breast carcinoma. This was done by estimating the correlation of DNA ploidy with other established prognostic markers of breast cancer, namely tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and S-phase fraction. From 1995 up to year 2000 ploidy analysis was performed on 218 consecutive cases of infiltrating breast carcinoma by flow cytometry using formalin fixed paraffin embedded material. From the laboratory record, data regarding other pathological variables was retrieved. No correlation could be found between DNA ploidy and tumor grade, nor could there be found a correlation with tumor size. For lymph node metastasis there was a significant difference between the proportion of aneuploids and diploids having metastasis in more than 4 lymph nodes. However, no significant difference was found in axillary lymph node positive and negative groups when number of positive lymph nodes was not taken into account. The mean value of S-phase fraction for the aneuploids and the diploids was also insignificantly different. In conclusion DNA ploidy alone did not add much to predict tumor behaviour in terms of known pathologic variables

TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF UNANI MEDICINE AN UPDATED REVIEW

Papaver somniferum commonly known as Khashkhash /Afyon, belongs to family Papaveraceae. It is one of those traditional plants, which have a long history of usage as medicine. The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) produces some of the most widely used medicinal alkaloids like morphine, codeine, thebain and porphyroxine which are the most important component of this plant. Apart from these alkaloids, opium poppy produces approximately eighty alkaloids belonging to various tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolinederived classes. It has been known for over a century that morphinan alkaloids accumulate in the latex of opium poppy. According to Unani literature, it possesses most important theurapeutic values as modern literature and research studies also prove its therapeutical importance. It is used as analgesic, narcotic, sedative, stimulant as well as nutritive, etc. It is also useful in headache, cough, insomnia, cardiac asthma, and biliary colic. In this paper we have provide a review on habitate, pharmacological actions, phytochemical with special refrence to Unani Medicine. In this review, an attempt is made to explore the complete information of Papaver somniferum including its  phytochemistry and pharmacology. Key words: Khashkhash, Biliary colic, Alkaloid, phytochemistry

Ethyl 1-acetyl-1H-indole-3-carboxyl­ate

The title compound, C13H13NO3, was synthesized by acetyl­ation of ethyl 1H-indole-3-carboxyl­ate. The aromatic ring system of the mol­ecule is essentially planar, but the saturated ethyl group is also located within this plane and the overall r.m.s. deviation from planarity is only 0.034 Å. Pairs of C—H⋯O inter­actions connect mol­ecules into chains along the diagonal of the unit cell. Mol­ecules also form weakly connected dimers via π⋯π stacking inter­actions of the indole rings with centroid–centroid separations of 3.571 (1) Å. C—H⋯π inter­actions between methyl­ene and methyl groups and the indole and benzene ring complete the directional inter­molecular inter­actions found in the crystal structure

Novel Butterfly Slot Based Chipless RFID Tag

A compact chipless RFID tag with robust readable features is presented in this paper. The tag is made up of novel concentric butterfly slot resonators. Bit data is encoded in the frequency signature of the tag. Each slot corresponds to a resonance peak representing a bit '1', whereas an absence of the peak signifies a bit '0'. Proposed resonator design demonstrates insensitivity to different polarization and incident angles of the linearly polarized impinging electromagnetic wave. The tag operates in the frequency band of 4.7-9.7 GHz, limited within the license free ultra wide-band. Rogers RT/duroid (R) 5880 substrate is used to realize a 10-bit capacity design that spans 14 x 14 mm(2) resulting in a bit density of 5.1 bits/cm(2)

Novel QR-incorporated chipless RFID tag

This work ideates a novel approach for designing a QR-incorporated data encoding structure that functions as a fully-passive, chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Several concentric square-shaped resonant slots embedded strategically within a QR-patterned region constitute the tag. A functional prototype is realized over an ungrounded Duroid (R) 5880 substrate, and the same is evaluated for its electromagnetic performance. The tag performs encoding of up to 118 data bits distributed across spectral and optical domain in a compact form factor measuring 55 x 55 mm(2). Possible applications of the formulated tag include multi-layer authentication for secure access control in smart cities and connected homes